Jawaban
1. • transmits at much higher frequencies
2. • anytime, anywhere connectivity
• easy and inexpensive to install
• ease of using licensed air space
3. •Speed
• allows users to share more resources
4. • the use of shortwave or infrared on the AP
• the presence of microwave ovens in several offices
• the encryption method used on the wireless network
5. • Environmental factors such as thunderstorms can affect wireless networks.
6. • The device is backwards compatible with all previous wireless standards.
7. • connects two networks with a wireless link
• increases the strength of a wireless signal
8. • access point
9. • created by connecting wireless clients in a peer-to-peer network
10.• The router supports 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n devices.
11.• Network Name (SSID)
12. • consists of a 32-character string and is not case sensitive
• used to encrypt data sent across the wireless network
13. • Wardriving enhances security of wireless networks.
• With SSID broadcast disabled, an attacker must know the SSID to connect.
14. • EAP
15. • requires no authentication
16. • EAP .
17.• Open authentication requires a password. Pre-shared keys do not require a password.
18. • encryption
19.• MAC address filtering
20. • 16 bit
21.• identify the wireless network; compress data on
Kamis, 28 Oktober 2010
CCNA Discovery 1.8
1. Identify three techniques used in social engineering. (Choose three.)
• vishing
• phishing
• pretexting
2. During a pretexting event, how is a target typically contacted?
• by phone
3. While surfing the Internet, a user notices a box claiming a prize has been won. The user opens the box unaware that a program is being installed. An intruder now accesses the computer and retrieves personal information. What type of attack occurred?
• Trojan horse
4. What is a major characteristic of a Worm?
• exploits vulnerabilities with the intent of propagating itself across a network
5. A flood of packets with invalid source-IP addresses requests a connection on the network. The server busily tries to respond, resulting in valid requests being ignored. What type of attack occurred?
• SYN flooding
6. What type of advertising is typically annoying and associated with a specific website that is being visited?
• popups
7. What is a widely distributed approach to marketing on the Internet that advertises to as many individual users as possible via IM or e-mail?
• spam
8. What part of the security policy states what applications and usages are permitted or denied?
• acceptable use
9. Which statement is true regarding anti-virus software?
• Only after a virus is known can an anti-virus update be created for it.
10. Which two statements are true concerning anti-spam software? (Choose two.)
• Even with anti-spam software installed, users should be careful when opening e-mail attachments.
11. What term is used to describe a dedicated hardware device that provides firewall services?
• appliance-based
12. Which acronym refers to an area of the network that is accessible by both internal, or trusted, as well as external, or untrusted, host devices?
• DMZ
13. Which statement is true about port forwarding within a Linksys integrated router?
• Only external traffic that is destined for specific internal ports is permitted. All other traffic is denied.
14. To which part of the network does the wireless access point part of a Linksys integrated router connect?
• internal
15. Refer to the graphic. What is the purpose of the Internet Filter option of Filter IDENT (Port 113. on the Linksys integrated router?
• to prevent outside intruders from attacking the router through the Internet
16. What statement is true about security configuration on a Linksys integrated router?
• Internet access can be denied for specific days and times.
17. What environment would be best suited for a two-firewall network design?
• a large corporate environment
18. What is one function that is provided by a vulnerability analysis tool?
• It identifies missing security updates on a computer.
19. Many best practices exist for wired and wireless network security. The list below has one item that is not a best practice. Identify the recommendation that is not a best practice for wired and wireless security.
• Disable the wireless network when a vulnerability analysis is being performed.
20. What best practice relates to wireless access point security?
• a change of the default IP address
21. Refer to the graphic. In the Linksys Security menu, what does the SPI Firewall Protection option Enabled provide?
• It requires that packets coming into the router be responses to internal host requests.
• vishing
• phishing
• pretexting
2. During a pretexting event, how is a target typically contacted?
• by phone
3. While surfing the Internet, a user notices a box claiming a prize has been won. The user opens the box unaware that a program is being installed. An intruder now accesses the computer and retrieves personal information. What type of attack occurred?
• Trojan horse
4. What is a major characteristic of a Worm?
• exploits vulnerabilities with the intent of propagating itself across a network
5. A flood of packets with invalid source-IP addresses requests a connection on the network. The server busily tries to respond, resulting in valid requests being ignored. What type of attack occurred?
• SYN flooding
6. What type of advertising is typically annoying and associated with a specific website that is being visited?
• popups
7. What is a widely distributed approach to marketing on the Internet that advertises to as many individual users as possible via IM or e-mail?
• spam
8. What part of the security policy states what applications and usages are permitted or denied?
• acceptable use
9. Which statement is true regarding anti-virus software?
• Only after a virus is known can an anti-virus update be created for it.
10. Which two statements are true concerning anti-spam software? (Choose two.)
• Even with anti-spam software installed, users should be careful when opening e-mail attachments.
11. What term is used to describe a dedicated hardware device that provides firewall services?
• appliance-based
12. Which acronym refers to an area of the network that is accessible by both internal, or trusted, as well as external, or untrusted, host devices?
• DMZ
13. Which statement is true about port forwarding within a Linksys integrated router?
• Only external traffic that is destined for specific internal ports is permitted. All other traffic is denied.
14. To which part of the network does the wireless access point part of a Linksys integrated router connect?
• internal
15. Refer to the graphic. What is the purpose of the Internet Filter option of Filter IDENT (Port 113. on the Linksys integrated router?
• to prevent outside intruders from attacking the router through the Internet
16. What statement is true about security configuration on a Linksys integrated router?
• Internet access can be denied for specific days and times.
17. What environment would be best suited for a two-firewall network design?
• a large corporate environment
18. What is one function that is provided by a vulnerability analysis tool?
• It identifies missing security updates on a computer.
19. Many best practices exist for wired and wireless network security. The list below has one item that is not a best practice. Identify the recommendation that is not a best practice for wired and wireless security.
• Disable the wireless network when a vulnerability analysis is being performed.
20. What best practice relates to wireless access point security?
• a change of the default IP address
21. Refer to the graphic. In the Linksys Security menu, what does the SPI Firewall Protection option Enabled provide?
• It requires that packets coming into the router be responses to internal host requests.
CCNA Discovery 1.9
1. What should a network administrator do first after receiving a call from a user who cannot access the company web server?
• Ask the user what URL has been typed and what error message displays.
2. A customer called the cable company to report that the Internet connection is unstable. After trying several configuration changes, the technician decided to send the customer a new cable modem to try. What troubleshooting technique does this represent?
• trial-and-error
3. Only one workstation on a particular network cannot reach the Internet. What is the first troubleshooting step if the divide-and-conquer method is being used?
• Check the workstation TCP/IP configuration.
4. Which two troubleshooting techniques are suitable for both home networks and large corporate networks? (Choose two.)
• running network monitoring applications
• keeping spare switches, routers, and other equipment available
5. Identify two physical-layer network problems. (Choose two.)
• hardware failure
6. Which ipconfig command requests IP configuration from a DHCP server?
• ipconfig /all
7. What command is used to determine the location of delay for a packet traversing the Internet?
• tracert
8. What command is used to determine if a DNS server is providing name resolution?
• nslookup
9. Which troubleshooting method begins by examining cable connections and wiring issues?
• bottom-up
10. A technician suspects that a Linksys integrated router is the source of a network problem. While troubleshooting, the technician notices a blinking green activity LED on some of the ports. What does this indicate?
• There are no cables plugged into those ISR ports.
11. A PC is plugged into a switch and is unable to connect to the network. The UTP cable is suspected. What could be the problem?
• A crossover cable is being used.
12. Refer to the graphic. What configuration is incorrect in the network shown?
• The Linksys integrated router does not support wireless.
13. Which three settings must match on the client and access point for a wireless connection to occur? (Choose three.)
• antennae type
14. A technician is troubleshooting a security breach on a new wireless access point. Which three configuration settings make it easy for hackers to gain access? (Choose three.)
• broadcasting the SSID
• using open authentication
• enabling MAC address filters
15. Refer to the graphic. The wireless host cannot access the Internet, but the wired host can. What is the problem?
• The host IP address is incorrect.
16. Refer to the graphic. What configuration is incorrect in the network shown?
• The host IP address is incorrect.
17. When acting as a DHCP server, what three types of information can an ISR provide to a client? (Choose three.)
• physical address
• default gateway
• static IP address
18. What two items could be checked to verify connectivity between the router and the ISP? (Choose two.)
• router status page
• wireless card settings
19. A technician is unsuccessful in establishing a console session between a PC and a Linksys integrated router. Both devices have power, and a cable is connected between them. Which two troubleshooting steps could help to diagnose this problem? (Choose two.)
• Ensure the SSID is the same on both devices.
• Ensure the encryption type on both devices match.
20. Network baselines should be performed in which two situations? (Choose two.)
• after the network is installed and running optimally
• after several computers are added to the network
21. Typically, help desk personnel assist end users in which two tasks? (Choose two.)
• determining if other users are currently logged into the computer
• updating network diagrams and documentation
22. How does remote-access software help in the troubleshooting process?
• Remote access uses a live chat feature.
23. Which two items should be added to the documentation following a troubleshooting event? (Choose two.)
• accurate current network infrastructure diagrams
• results of successful and unsuccessful troubleshooting steps
• Ask the user what URL has been typed and what error message displays.
2. A customer called the cable company to report that the Internet connection is unstable. After trying several configuration changes, the technician decided to send the customer a new cable modem to try. What troubleshooting technique does this represent?
• trial-and-error
3. Only one workstation on a particular network cannot reach the Internet. What is the first troubleshooting step if the divide-and-conquer method is being used?
• Check the workstation TCP/IP configuration.
4. Which two troubleshooting techniques are suitable for both home networks and large corporate networks? (Choose two.)
• running network monitoring applications
• keeping spare switches, routers, and other equipment available
5. Identify two physical-layer network problems. (Choose two.)
• hardware failure
6. Which ipconfig command requests IP configuration from a DHCP server?
• ipconfig /all
7. What command is used to determine the location of delay for a packet traversing the Internet?
• tracert
8. What command is used to determine if a DNS server is providing name resolution?
• nslookup
9. Which troubleshooting method begins by examining cable connections and wiring issues?
• bottom-up
10. A technician suspects that a Linksys integrated router is the source of a network problem. While troubleshooting, the technician notices a blinking green activity LED on some of the ports. What does this indicate?
• There are no cables plugged into those ISR ports.
11. A PC is plugged into a switch and is unable to connect to the network. The UTP cable is suspected. What could be the problem?
• A crossover cable is being used.
12. Refer to the graphic. What configuration is incorrect in the network shown?
• The Linksys integrated router does not support wireless.
13. Which three settings must match on the client and access point for a wireless connection to occur? (Choose three.)
• antennae type
14. A technician is troubleshooting a security breach on a new wireless access point. Which three configuration settings make it easy for hackers to gain access? (Choose three.)
• broadcasting the SSID
• using open authentication
• enabling MAC address filters
15. Refer to the graphic. The wireless host cannot access the Internet, but the wired host can. What is the problem?
• The host IP address is incorrect.
16. Refer to the graphic. What configuration is incorrect in the network shown?
• The host IP address is incorrect.
17. When acting as a DHCP server, what three types of information can an ISR provide to a client? (Choose three.)
• physical address
• default gateway
• static IP address
18. What two items could be checked to verify connectivity between the router and the ISP? (Choose two.)
• router status page
• wireless card settings
19. A technician is unsuccessful in establishing a console session between a PC and a Linksys integrated router. Both devices have power, and a cable is connected between them. Which two troubleshooting steps could help to diagnose this problem? (Choose two.)
• Ensure the SSID is the same on both devices.
• Ensure the encryption type on both devices match.
20. Network baselines should be performed in which two situations? (Choose two.)
• after the network is installed and running optimally
• after several computers are added to the network
21. Typically, help desk personnel assist end users in which two tasks? (Choose two.)
• determining if other users are currently logged into the computer
• updating network diagrams and documentation
22. How does remote-access software help in the troubleshooting process?
• Remote access uses a live chat feature.
23. Which two items should be added to the documentation following a troubleshooting event? (Choose two.)
• accurate current network infrastructure diagrams
• results of successful and unsuccessful troubleshooting steps
Lab 7.2.5 Configuring
Lab 7.2.5 Configuring a Wireless Access Point
Objective
* Configure the wireless access point (AP) portion of a multi-function device to allow access to a wireless client.
Background / Preparation
The Linksys WRT300N includes an integrated 4-port switch, a router and a wireless Access Point (AP). In this lab, you will configure the AP component of the multi-function device to allow access for wireless clients. The basic wireless capabilities of the multi-function device will be configured but this will not be a secure wireless network. Setting up a secure wireless network will be covered in a later lab.
The following resources are required:
• Windows XP based computer that is cabled to the multi-function device
• Linksys WRT300N
Step 1: Verify connectivity between the computer and the multi-function device
a. The computer used to configure the AP should be attached to one of the multi-function device’s switch ports.
b. On the computer, click the Start button and select Run. Type cmd and click OK or press Enter.
c. At the command prompt, ping the multi-function device using the default IP address 192.168.1.1 or the IP that has been configured on the multi-function device’s port. Do not proceed until the ping succeeds.
d. Write down the command used to ping the multi-function device.
Jawab:
Yang dipakai dalam ping adalah IP Address tujuan yaitu: 192.168.1.1
NOTE: If the ping is not successful, try these troubleshooting steps:
• Check to make sure the IP address of the computer is on the 192.168.1.0 network. The computer must be on the same network as the multi-function device to be able to ping it. The DHCP service of the multi-function device is enabled by default. If the computer is configured as a DHCP client it should have a valid IP address and subnet mask. If the computer has a static IP address, it must be in on the 192.168.1.0 network and the subnet mask must be 255.255.255.0.
• Make sure the cable is a known-good straight-through cable. Test to verify.
• Verify that the link light for the port where the computer is attached is lit.
• Check whether the multi-function device has power.
If none of these steps correct the problem, check with your instructor.
Step 2: Log in to the multi-function device and configure the wireless network
a. Open a web browser. In the address line, type http://ip_address, where ip_address is the IP address of the wireless router (default is 192.168.1.1). At the prompt, leave the user name textbox empty, but type the password assigned to the router. The default password is admin. Click OK.
b. In the main menu, click on the Wireless option.
c. In the Basic Wireless Settings window, the Network Mode shows mixed by default, because the AP supports 802.11b, g, and n wireless devices. You can use any of these standards to connect to the AP. If the wireless portion of the multi-function device is NOT being used, the network mode would be set to Disabled. Leave the default of Mixed selected.
d. Delete the default SSID (linksys) in the Network Name (SSID) textbox. Enter a new SSID using your last name or name chosen by your instructor. SSIDs are case-sensitive.
e. Write down the exact SSID name that you are using.
Jawab:
tsuraya
f. Click on the Radio Band drop-down menu and write down the two options.
Jawab:
g. For a wireless network that can use 802.11b, g, or n client devices, the default is Auto. Auto allows the Wide Channel option to be chosen and gives the best performance. The Standard Channel option is used if the wireless client devices are 802.11b or g, or both b and g. The Wide Channel option is used if only 802.11n client devices are being used. Leave the default of Auto selected.
h. SSID Broadcast is set to enabled by default, which enables the AP to periodically send out the SSID using the wireless antenna. Any wireless devices in the area can detect this broadcast. This is how clients detect nearby wireless networks.
i. Click on the Save Settings button. When the settings have been successfully saved, click on Continue.
j. The AP is now configured for a wireless network with the name (SSID) that you gave it. It is important to write down this information before starting the next lab or attaching any wireless NICs to the wireless network.
Step 3: Reflection
a. How many wireless networks do you think could be configured in one classroom? What would limit this?
Jawab:
-> 100 wireless network
Rentangan IP Addressnya: 192.168.1.1 sampai 192.168.1.100
b. What do you see as a potential security problem when you broadcast your SSID from the AP?
Jawab:
Yang terjadi jika kita menggunakan broadcast SSID dari AP adalah jaringan wireless yang dibuat mudah diserang oleh People attack WLAN.
Lab 7.2.6 Configuring a Wireless Client
Objective
• Install and configure a driver for a wireless USB NIC for a wireless client computer.
• Determine the version of the driver installed and check the Internet for updates.
Background / Preparation
In this lab you will install a driver for a wireless USB NIC in a computer. The driver is a type of software that controls the wireless NIC. The driver comes on a CD with the NIC or can be downloaded from the Internet. Many manufacturers require that the driver is installed before the adapter is connected. The procedure described in this lab is for a Linksys USB 802.11g wireless NIC, but is similar to others. You should always follow the procedure recommended by the wireless NIC manufacturer.
The following resources are required:
• Windows XP-based computer with an available USB port
• Wireless USB NIC and associated driver
• Administrator rights to install the driver
• Linksys WRT300N with wireless access configured from previous lab
Step 1: Install the wireless NIC driver
a. Insert the CD that contains the wireless NIC driver into the CD/DVD drive and install the driver according to the manufacturer recommendations. Most USB devices require that the driver be installed before the device is physically attached. Note that you may do part of the installation process now and part of it after the wireless NIC is installed.
b.Who is the manufacturer of the wireless NIC?
Jawab:
Nama manufacturnya: Linksys
c. Describe how you installed the wireless NIC driver.
Jawab:
Langkah-langkah penginstallan driver wireless NIC adalah:
* Pertama yang dilakukan adalah masukkan CD
* Konfigurasi wirelessnya dengan cara membuka web browser dan pemanggilan IP defaultnya pada web browser tersebut
* Selanjutnya pengaturan pada menu setup untuk pengaturan IP Address dan tentukan range IP Address yang diizinkan untuk mengakses wireless tersebut.
* Lalu buka menu wireless, atur network modenya yaitu mixed, nama SSID, Radio Band dan enabled kan SSID Broadcastnya.
* Selanjutnya untuk setting security, setting sesuai kebutuhan.
* Terakhir simpan konfigurasi tersebut.
Step 2: Install the wireless NIC
1. When prompted, connect the USB NIC cable to an available USB port. Click Next to continue
Step 3: Attach to the wireless network
1. Most wireless NIC adapters have client software to control the NIC. The software shows any wireless networks that are discovered. Select the SSID of the wireless network that you configured on the AP in a previous lab.
b. Which SSID are you using?
Jawab:
tsuraya
c. If the wireless NIC did not connect to the wireless network, perform the appropriate troubleshooting.
d. What is the signal strength for the wireless NIC?
Jawab:
Elektronika2
e. Did the wireless NIC see any other wireless networks in the area? Why or why not?
Jawab:
Ya, karena adanya Wireless adapter
f. Show your active wireless connection to a fellow student or the lab assistant.
g. What is another name for a wireless host?
Jawab:
Elektonika1, Elektronika UNP, ELO_1 test, Linksys_E57
h. Is it better to use the client software from the wireless NIC manufacturer or let Windows XP control the wireless NIC?
Jawab:
Lebih baik menggunakan Client Software
Step 4: Determine the NIC driver version
a. Hardware manufacturers continually update drivers. The driver that ships with a NIC or other piece of hardware is frequently not the most current.
b. To check the driver version for the NIC you installed, click Start, select Control Panel and then Network Connections. Right-click on the wireless connection and select Properties. Click the Configure button for the NIC and then the Driver tab. What is the name and version of the driver you installed?
Jawab:
Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 3945ABG
Step 5: Determine if the NIC driver is the most current
a. Search the NIC manufacturer web site for drivers that support the wirelss NIC you installed. Are there more current ones available?
Jawab:
* Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 3945ABG Network Connection
* Marvell Yukon 88E8055 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller
* Bluetooth PAN Network Adapter
b. What is the most current one listed?
Jawab:
Marvell Yukon 88E8055 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller
c. If there is a more current driver, how would you apply it?
Jawab:
Dengan menambahkan sebuah NIC lagi.
Step 6: Verify connectivity
a. Once you have installed the NIC, it is time to verify connectivity with the Linksys WRT300N.
b. Open a web browser such as Windows Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox.
c. In the address line type http://192.168.1.1, which is the default setting on the AP.
d. In the Connect to 192.168.1.1 dialog box, leave the username text box empty, and type admin in the password text box. Leave the Remember my password checkbox unchecked. Click OK.
e. If you receive the Linksys Setup screen, you have established connectivity with the AP. If you do not establish connectivity, you will have to troubleshoot the connection by checking to ensure the devices are turned on and the IP addresses on all devices are correct. Which IP address should be configured on the wireless NIC?
Jawab:
Saat kita masuk ke pengaturan Linksys pada Access Point, kita harus menyetting range IP Address yang diizinkan mengakses access point kita.
Step 7: Reflection
a. Do you think the process of setting up a wireless network at a food store or book store is any different from what you just did? Why or why not?
Jawab:
Sama, karena juga menggunakan alat yang sama.
b. Do you think the AP model that you are using would be sufficient for the food store in your neighborhood? Why or why not?
Jawab:
Pada toko makanan model AP yang dipakai adalah PSK (Pre-Shared Key). Setiap pelanggan/pengunjung yang ingin memkai AP pada toko makanan ini maka akan diberi key atau password masing-masing agar pemilik toko dapat mengontrol kegiatan pengunjungnya.
Lab 7.3.5 Configuring Wireless Security
Objectives
• Create a security plan for a home network.
• Configure the wireless access point (AP) portion of a multi-function device using security best practices.
Background / Preparation
A well-planned security implementation is critical to the safety of a wireless network. This lab goes over the steps that must be taken to ensure the safety of the network using the following scenario.
You have just purchased a Linksys WRT300N wireless router, and you want to set up a small network in your home. You selected this router because the IEEE 802.11n specification claims that it has 12 times the speed of an 802.11g and 4 times the range. Because the 802.11n uses 2.4 GHz, it is backward compatible with both the 802.11b and 802.11g and uses MIMO (multiple-in, multiple-out) technology. You should enable security mechanisms before connecting your multi-function device to the Internet or any wired network. You should also change the default values provided, because they are well-known values that are easily obtainable on the Internet.
The following resources are required:
• Windows-based computer
• Linksys WRT300N
• Straight-through Ethernet cable
Step 1: Plan the security for your home network
a. List at least six security best practices that you should implement to secure your multi-function device and wireless network.
1) Kurangi kekuatan pancar antena WAP
2) Berikan security code
3) Aktifkan MAC Adddress filter
4) Ganti password defaultnya
5) Disable Broadcast SSID
6) Disable DHCP Serve
b. Describe what the security risk is for each item.
1) Kelemahan atau resikonya misalnya disebuah tempat usaha atau perusahaan maka semakin jauh titik akses dari akses point mengakibatkan kecepatan akses sangat terpengaruh atau bahkan tidak menjanjikan sama sekali.
2) Bagi orang yang tidak paham teknologi akan kebingungan dalam memberikan security code.
3) Jika seandainya MAC address seseorang client pernah diblokir pada suatu tempat, akan tetapi belum dibuka kembali maka tidak bisa digunakan pada tempat akses lain.
4) Jika password pada default diganti, akan susah mengetahui paswor yang baru jika tidak dikonfirmasikan terhadap teknisi.
5) Jika tidak diaktifkan kembali, maka titik access tidak dapat diditeksi oleh wireless adapter.
6)Jika di disabledkan maka hanya IP address yang telah diregisterkan yang bisa mengakses jaringan, sehingga jaringan tidak bersifat bebas layaknya wi-fi zone pada umumnya.
Step 2: Connect a computer to the multi-function device and log in to the web-based utility
a. Connect your computer (Ethernet NIC) to the multi-function device (port 1 on the Linksys WRT300N) by using a straight-through cable.
b. The default IP address of the Linksys WRT300N is 192.168.1.1, and the default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. The computer and Linksys device must be on the same network to communicate with each other. Change the IP address of the computer to 192.168.1.2, and verify that the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Enter the internal address of the Linksys device (192.168.1.1) as the default gateway. Do this by clicking, Start > Control Panel > Network Connections. Right click on the wireless connection and choose Properties. Select the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and enter the addresses as shown below.
c. Open a web browser, such as Internet Explorer, Netscape, or Firefox and enter the default IP address of the Linksys device (192.168.1.1) into the address field and press Enter.
d. A screen appears, requesting your user name and password.
a. Leave the User name field blank and enter admin for the password. It is the default password on the Linksys device. Click OK. Remember that passwords are case-sensitive.
b. As you make the necessary changes on the Linksys device, click Save Settings on each screen to save the changes or click Cancel Changes to keep the default settings.
Step 4: Change the Linksys device password
a. The initial screen displayed is the Setup > Basic Setup screen.
b. Click the Administration tab. The Management tab is selected by default.
c. Type in a new password for the Linksys device, and then confirm the password. The new password must not be more than 32 characters and must not include any spaces. The password is required to access the Linksys device web-based utility and Setup Wizard.
d. The Web Utility Access via Wireless option is enabled by default. You may want to disable this feature to further increase security.
a. Click the Save Settings button to save the information.
NOTE: If you forget your password, you can reset the Linksys device to the factory defaults by pressing the RESET button for 5 seconds and then releasing it. The default password is admin.
Step 5: Configure the wireless security settings
a. Click the Wireless tab. The Basic Wireless Settings tab is selected by default. The Network Name is the SSID shared among all devices on your network. It must be identical for all devices in the wireless network. It is case-sensitive and must not be more than 32 characters.
b. Change the SSID from the default of linksys to a unique name. Record the name you have chosen:
Jawab:
tsuraya
c. Leave the Radio Band set to Auto. This allows your network to use all 802.11n, g, and b devices.
d. For SSID Broadcast, select the Disabled button to disable the SSID broadcast. Wireless clients survey the area for networks to associate with and will detect the SSID broadcast sent by the Linksys device. For added security, do not broadcast the SSID.
e. Save your settings before going to the next screen.
Step 6: Configure encryption and authentication
a. Choose the Wireless Security tab on the Wireless screen.
b. This router supports four types of security mode settings:
• WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
• WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) Personal, which uses a pre-shared key (PSK)
• WPA Enterprise, which uses Remote Access Dial In User Service (RADIUS)
• RADIUS
c. Select WPA Personal Security Mode.
d. On the next screen, choose an Encryption algorithm.
To secure a network, use the highest level of encryption possible within the Selected Security mode. The following Security Modes and Encryption levels are listed from least secure (WEP) to most secure (WPA2 with AES)
• WEP
• WPA
o TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
o AES (Advanced Encryption System)
• WPA2
o TKIP
o AES
AES is only supported by newer devices that contain a co-processor. To ensure compatibility with all devices, select TKIP.
e. For authentication, enter a pre-shared key between 8 and 63 characters. This key is shared by the Linksys device and all connected devices.
f. Choose a key renewal period between 600 and 7200 seconds. The renewal period is how often the Linksys device changes the encryption key.
g. Save your settings before exiting the screen.
Step 7: Configure MAC address filtering
a. Choose the Wireless MAC Filter tab on the Wireless screen.
b. MAC address filtering allows only selected wireless client MAC addresses to have access to your network. Select the radio button to Permit PCs listed below to access the wireless network. Click the Wireless Client List button to display a list of all wireless client computers on your network.
c. The next screen allows you to identify which MAC addresses can have access to the wireless network. Click the Save to MAC Address Filter List check box for any client device you want to add, and then click the Add button. Any wireless clients, other than those in the list will be prevented from accessing your wireless network. Save your settings before exiting the screen.
Step 8: Reflection
a. Which feature that you configured on the Linksys WRT300N makes you feel the most secure and why?
Jawab:
Aplikasi atau program yang membuat saya merasa lebih aman dan nyaman ketika mengkonfigurasi ialah MAC address filtering. Alasannya karena pada aplikasi ini terdapat sebuah pilihan untuk memberikan izin access kepada client yang telah terlebih dahulu alamat IP dan MAC address nya dicantumkan atau didaftarkan.
b. Make a list of other items that could be done to make your network even more secure.
Jawab:
Pada pengaturan wireless kita pilih wireless security dan security modenya kita ganti dari disabled menjadi WEP sehingga dapat memberikan kunci berlapis. Atau pada system operasi windows biasa kita aktifkn juga menu firewall dan kita aktifkan juga menu SYS.
Objective
* Configure the wireless access point (AP) portion of a multi-function device to allow access to a wireless client.
Background / Preparation
The Linksys WRT300N includes an integrated 4-port switch, a router and a wireless Access Point (AP). In this lab, you will configure the AP component of the multi-function device to allow access for wireless clients. The basic wireless capabilities of the multi-function device will be configured but this will not be a secure wireless network. Setting up a secure wireless network will be covered in a later lab.
The following resources are required:
• Windows XP based computer that is cabled to the multi-function device
• Linksys WRT300N
Step 1: Verify connectivity between the computer and the multi-function device
a. The computer used to configure the AP should be attached to one of the multi-function device’s switch ports.
b. On the computer, click the Start button and select Run. Type cmd and click OK or press Enter.
c. At the command prompt, ping the multi-function device using the default IP address 192.168.1.1 or the IP that has been configured on the multi-function device’s port. Do not proceed until the ping succeeds.
d. Write down the command used to ping the multi-function device.
Jawab:
Yang dipakai dalam ping adalah IP Address tujuan yaitu: 192.168.1.1
NOTE: If the ping is not successful, try these troubleshooting steps:
• Check to make sure the IP address of the computer is on the 192.168.1.0 network. The computer must be on the same network as the multi-function device to be able to ping it. The DHCP service of the multi-function device is enabled by default. If the computer is configured as a DHCP client it should have a valid IP address and subnet mask. If the computer has a static IP address, it must be in on the 192.168.1.0 network and the subnet mask must be 255.255.255.0.
• Make sure the cable is a known-good straight-through cable. Test to verify.
• Verify that the link light for the port where the computer is attached is lit.
• Check whether the multi-function device has power.
If none of these steps correct the problem, check with your instructor.
Step 2: Log in to the multi-function device and configure the wireless network
a. Open a web browser. In the address line, type http://ip_address, where ip_address is the IP address of the wireless router (default is 192.168.1.1). At the prompt, leave the user name textbox empty, but type the password assigned to the router. The default password is admin. Click OK.
b. In the main menu, click on the Wireless option.
c. In the Basic Wireless Settings window, the Network Mode shows mixed by default, because the AP supports 802.11b, g, and n wireless devices. You can use any of these standards to connect to the AP. If the wireless portion of the multi-function device is NOT being used, the network mode would be set to Disabled. Leave the default of Mixed selected.
d. Delete the default SSID (linksys) in the Network Name (SSID) textbox. Enter a new SSID using your last name or name chosen by your instructor. SSIDs are case-sensitive.
e. Write down the exact SSID name that you are using.
Jawab:
tsuraya
f. Click on the Radio Band drop-down menu and write down the two options.
Jawab:
g. For a wireless network that can use 802.11b, g, or n client devices, the default is Auto. Auto allows the Wide Channel option to be chosen and gives the best performance. The Standard Channel option is used if the wireless client devices are 802.11b or g, or both b and g. The Wide Channel option is used if only 802.11n client devices are being used. Leave the default of Auto selected.
h. SSID Broadcast is set to enabled by default, which enables the AP to periodically send out the SSID using the wireless antenna. Any wireless devices in the area can detect this broadcast. This is how clients detect nearby wireless networks.
i. Click on the Save Settings button. When the settings have been successfully saved, click on Continue.
j. The AP is now configured for a wireless network with the name (SSID) that you gave it. It is important to write down this information before starting the next lab or attaching any wireless NICs to the wireless network.
Step 3: Reflection
a. How many wireless networks do you think could be configured in one classroom? What would limit this?
Jawab:
-> 100 wireless network
Rentangan IP Addressnya: 192.168.1.1 sampai 192.168.1.100
b. What do you see as a potential security problem when you broadcast your SSID from the AP?
Jawab:
Yang terjadi jika kita menggunakan broadcast SSID dari AP adalah jaringan wireless yang dibuat mudah diserang oleh People attack WLAN.
Lab 7.2.6 Configuring a Wireless Client
Objective
• Install and configure a driver for a wireless USB NIC for a wireless client computer.
• Determine the version of the driver installed and check the Internet for updates.
Background / Preparation
In this lab you will install a driver for a wireless USB NIC in a computer. The driver is a type of software that controls the wireless NIC. The driver comes on a CD with the NIC or can be downloaded from the Internet. Many manufacturers require that the driver is installed before the adapter is connected. The procedure described in this lab is for a Linksys USB 802.11g wireless NIC, but is similar to others. You should always follow the procedure recommended by the wireless NIC manufacturer.
The following resources are required:
• Windows XP-based computer with an available USB port
• Wireless USB NIC and associated driver
• Administrator rights to install the driver
• Linksys WRT300N with wireless access configured from previous lab
Step 1: Install the wireless NIC driver
a. Insert the CD that contains the wireless NIC driver into the CD/DVD drive and install the driver according to the manufacturer recommendations. Most USB devices require that the driver be installed before the device is physically attached. Note that you may do part of the installation process now and part of it after the wireless NIC is installed.
b.Who is the manufacturer of the wireless NIC?
Jawab:
Nama manufacturnya: Linksys
c. Describe how you installed the wireless NIC driver.
Jawab:
Langkah-langkah penginstallan driver wireless NIC adalah:
* Pertama yang dilakukan adalah masukkan CD
* Konfigurasi wirelessnya dengan cara membuka web browser dan pemanggilan IP defaultnya pada web browser tersebut
* Selanjutnya pengaturan pada menu setup untuk pengaturan IP Address dan tentukan range IP Address yang diizinkan untuk mengakses wireless tersebut.
* Lalu buka menu wireless, atur network modenya yaitu mixed, nama SSID, Radio Band dan enabled kan SSID Broadcastnya.
* Selanjutnya untuk setting security, setting sesuai kebutuhan.
* Terakhir simpan konfigurasi tersebut.
Step 2: Install the wireless NIC
1. When prompted, connect the USB NIC cable to an available USB port. Click Next to continue
Step 3: Attach to the wireless network
1. Most wireless NIC adapters have client software to control the NIC. The software shows any wireless networks that are discovered. Select the SSID of the wireless network that you configured on the AP in a previous lab.
b. Which SSID are you using?
Jawab:
tsuraya
c. If the wireless NIC did not connect to the wireless network, perform the appropriate troubleshooting.
d. What is the signal strength for the wireless NIC?
Jawab:
Elektronika2
e. Did the wireless NIC see any other wireless networks in the area? Why or why not?
Jawab:
Ya, karena adanya Wireless adapter
f. Show your active wireless connection to a fellow student or the lab assistant.
g. What is another name for a wireless host?
Jawab:
Elektonika1, Elektronika UNP, ELO_1 test, Linksys_E57
h. Is it better to use the client software from the wireless NIC manufacturer or let Windows XP control the wireless NIC?
Jawab:
Lebih baik menggunakan Client Software
Step 4: Determine the NIC driver version
a. Hardware manufacturers continually update drivers. The driver that ships with a NIC or other piece of hardware is frequently not the most current.
b. To check the driver version for the NIC you installed, click Start, select Control Panel and then Network Connections. Right-click on the wireless connection and select Properties. Click the Configure button for the NIC and then the Driver tab. What is the name and version of the driver you installed?
Jawab:
Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 3945ABG
Step 5: Determine if the NIC driver is the most current
a. Search the NIC manufacturer web site for drivers that support the wirelss NIC you installed. Are there more current ones available?
Jawab:
* Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 3945ABG Network Connection
* Marvell Yukon 88E8055 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller
* Bluetooth PAN Network Adapter
b. What is the most current one listed?
Jawab:
Marvell Yukon 88E8055 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller
c. If there is a more current driver, how would you apply it?
Jawab:
Dengan menambahkan sebuah NIC lagi.
Step 6: Verify connectivity
a. Once you have installed the NIC, it is time to verify connectivity with the Linksys WRT300N.
b. Open a web browser such as Windows Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox.
c. In the address line type http://192.168.1.1, which is the default setting on the AP.
d. In the Connect to 192.168.1.1 dialog box, leave the username text box empty, and type admin in the password text box. Leave the Remember my password checkbox unchecked. Click OK.
e. If you receive the Linksys Setup screen, you have established connectivity with the AP. If you do not establish connectivity, you will have to troubleshoot the connection by checking to ensure the devices are turned on and the IP addresses on all devices are correct. Which IP address should be configured on the wireless NIC?
Jawab:
Saat kita masuk ke pengaturan Linksys pada Access Point, kita harus menyetting range IP Address yang diizinkan mengakses access point kita.
Step 7: Reflection
a. Do you think the process of setting up a wireless network at a food store or book store is any different from what you just did? Why or why not?
Jawab:
Sama, karena juga menggunakan alat yang sama.
b. Do you think the AP model that you are using would be sufficient for the food store in your neighborhood? Why or why not?
Jawab:
Pada toko makanan model AP yang dipakai adalah PSK (Pre-Shared Key). Setiap pelanggan/pengunjung yang ingin memkai AP pada toko makanan ini maka akan diberi key atau password masing-masing agar pemilik toko dapat mengontrol kegiatan pengunjungnya.
Lab 7.3.5 Configuring Wireless Security
Objectives
• Create a security plan for a home network.
• Configure the wireless access point (AP) portion of a multi-function device using security best practices.
Background / Preparation
A well-planned security implementation is critical to the safety of a wireless network. This lab goes over the steps that must be taken to ensure the safety of the network using the following scenario.
You have just purchased a Linksys WRT300N wireless router, and you want to set up a small network in your home. You selected this router because the IEEE 802.11n specification claims that it has 12 times the speed of an 802.11g and 4 times the range. Because the 802.11n uses 2.4 GHz, it is backward compatible with both the 802.11b and 802.11g and uses MIMO (multiple-in, multiple-out) technology. You should enable security mechanisms before connecting your multi-function device to the Internet or any wired network. You should also change the default values provided, because they are well-known values that are easily obtainable on the Internet.
The following resources are required:
• Windows-based computer
• Linksys WRT300N
• Straight-through Ethernet cable
Step 1: Plan the security for your home network
a. List at least six security best practices that you should implement to secure your multi-function device and wireless network.
1) Kurangi kekuatan pancar antena WAP
2) Berikan security code
3) Aktifkan MAC Adddress filter
4) Ganti password defaultnya
5) Disable Broadcast SSID
6) Disable DHCP Serve
b. Describe what the security risk is for each item.
1) Kelemahan atau resikonya misalnya disebuah tempat usaha atau perusahaan maka semakin jauh titik akses dari akses point mengakibatkan kecepatan akses sangat terpengaruh atau bahkan tidak menjanjikan sama sekali.
2) Bagi orang yang tidak paham teknologi akan kebingungan dalam memberikan security code.
3) Jika seandainya MAC address seseorang client pernah diblokir pada suatu tempat, akan tetapi belum dibuka kembali maka tidak bisa digunakan pada tempat akses lain.
4) Jika password pada default diganti, akan susah mengetahui paswor yang baru jika tidak dikonfirmasikan terhadap teknisi.
5) Jika tidak diaktifkan kembali, maka titik access tidak dapat diditeksi oleh wireless adapter.
6)Jika di disabledkan maka hanya IP address yang telah diregisterkan yang bisa mengakses jaringan, sehingga jaringan tidak bersifat bebas layaknya wi-fi zone pada umumnya.
Step 2: Connect a computer to the multi-function device and log in to the web-based utility
a. Connect your computer (Ethernet NIC) to the multi-function device (port 1 on the Linksys WRT300N) by using a straight-through cable.
b. The default IP address of the Linksys WRT300N is 192.168.1.1, and the default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. The computer and Linksys device must be on the same network to communicate with each other. Change the IP address of the computer to 192.168.1.2, and verify that the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Enter the internal address of the Linksys device (192.168.1.1) as the default gateway. Do this by clicking, Start > Control Panel > Network Connections. Right click on the wireless connection and choose Properties. Select the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and enter the addresses as shown below.
c. Open a web browser, such as Internet Explorer, Netscape, or Firefox and enter the default IP address of the Linksys device (192.168.1.1) into the address field and press Enter.
d. A screen appears, requesting your user name and password.
a. Leave the User name field blank and enter admin for the password. It is the default password on the Linksys device. Click OK. Remember that passwords are case-sensitive.
b. As you make the necessary changes on the Linksys device, click Save Settings on each screen to save the changes or click Cancel Changes to keep the default settings.
Step 4: Change the Linksys device password
a. The initial screen displayed is the Setup > Basic Setup screen.
b. Click the Administration tab. The Management tab is selected by default.
c. Type in a new password for the Linksys device, and then confirm the password. The new password must not be more than 32 characters and must not include any spaces. The password is required to access the Linksys device web-based utility and Setup Wizard.
d. The Web Utility Access via Wireless option is enabled by default. You may want to disable this feature to further increase security.
a. Click the Save Settings button to save the information.
NOTE: If you forget your password, you can reset the Linksys device to the factory defaults by pressing the RESET button for 5 seconds and then releasing it. The default password is admin.
Step 5: Configure the wireless security settings
a. Click the Wireless tab. The Basic Wireless Settings tab is selected by default. The Network Name is the SSID shared among all devices on your network. It must be identical for all devices in the wireless network. It is case-sensitive and must not be more than 32 characters.
b. Change the SSID from the default of linksys to a unique name. Record the name you have chosen:
Jawab:
tsuraya
c. Leave the Radio Band set to Auto. This allows your network to use all 802.11n, g, and b devices.
d. For SSID Broadcast, select the Disabled button to disable the SSID broadcast. Wireless clients survey the area for networks to associate with and will detect the SSID broadcast sent by the Linksys device. For added security, do not broadcast the SSID.
e. Save your settings before going to the next screen.
Step 6: Configure encryption and authentication
a. Choose the Wireless Security tab on the Wireless screen.
b. This router supports four types of security mode settings:
• WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
• WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) Personal, which uses a pre-shared key (PSK)
• WPA Enterprise, which uses Remote Access Dial In User Service (RADIUS)
• RADIUS
c. Select WPA Personal Security Mode.
d. On the next screen, choose an Encryption algorithm.
To secure a network, use the highest level of encryption possible within the Selected Security mode. The following Security Modes and Encryption levels are listed from least secure (WEP) to most secure (WPA2 with AES)
• WEP
• WPA
o TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
o AES (Advanced Encryption System)
• WPA2
o TKIP
o AES
AES is only supported by newer devices that contain a co-processor. To ensure compatibility with all devices, select TKIP.
e. For authentication, enter a pre-shared key between 8 and 63 characters. This key is shared by the Linksys device and all connected devices.
f. Choose a key renewal period between 600 and 7200 seconds. The renewal period is how often the Linksys device changes the encryption key.
g. Save your settings before exiting the screen.
Step 7: Configure MAC address filtering
a. Choose the Wireless MAC Filter tab on the Wireless screen.
b. MAC address filtering allows only selected wireless client MAC addresses to have access to your network. Select the radio button to Permit PCs listed below to access the wireless network. Click the Wireless Client List button to display a list of all wireless client computers on your network.
c. The next screen allows you to identify which MAC addresses can have access to the wireless network. Click the Save to MAC Address Filter List check box for any client device you want to add, and then click the Add button. Any wireless clients, other than those in the list will be prevented from accessing your wireless network. Save your settings before exiting the screen.
Step 8: Reflection
a. Which feature that you configured on the Linksys WRT300N makes you feel the most secure and why?
Jawab:
Aplikasi atau program yang membuat saya merasa lebih aman dan nyaman ketika mengkonfigurasi ialah MAC address filtering. Alasannya karena pada aplikasi ini terdapat sebuah pilihan untuk memberikan izin access kepada client yang telah terlebih dahulu alamat IP dan MAC address nya dicantumkan atau didaftarkan.
b. Make a list of other items that could be done to make your network even more secure.
Jawab:
Pada pengaturan wireless kita pilih wireless security dan security modenya kita ganti dari disabled menjadi WEP sehingga dapat memberikan kunci berlapis. Atau pada system operasi windows biasa kita aktifkn juga menu firewall dan kita aktifkan juga menu SYS.
Kamis, 14 Oktober 2010
Modul 6 CCNA Discovery
CCNA Discovery 1 Module 6 Exam Answers Version 4.0
1. A user types www.cisco.com into a web browser address textbox. What does www.cisco.com represent?
• the IP address of a web server
• a physical network address
• the closest router interface to the source
• the source IP address in the data transmission
2. What type of server would use IMAP?
• DNS
• DHCP
• e-mail
• FTP
• Telnet
• web
3. Which type of server would most likely be used first by a network client in a corporate environment?
• DNS
• DHCP
• e-mail
• FTP
• Telnet
• web
4. Which protocol is used by FTP to transfer files over the Internet?
• TCP
• SMTP
• UDP
• SNMP
5. Which protocols are TCP/IP application layer protocols? (Choose two.)
• UDP
• FTP
• IP
• SMTP
• TCP
6. Which of the following are layers of the TCP/IP model? (Choose three.)
• Application
• Physical
• Internet
• Network Access
• Presentation
7. You are creating a network-based video game. What influences your decision about which transport protocol to use for the application?
• UDP will not disrupt the game to retransmit dropped packets.
• TCP provides extra acknowledgements that will ensure smooth video delivery.
• Both TCP and UDP can be used simultaneously to ensure speed and guaranteed delivery.
• Both TCP and UDP may slow transmission and disrupt game operation, so no transport protocol should be used.
8. Whenever e-mail clients send letters, what device is used to translate the domain names into their associated IP addresses?
• Uniform Resource Locator
• Network redirector server
• SNMP server
• DNS server
9. Which application is most likely used to translate www.cisco.com to 198.133.219.25?
• DHCP
• DNS
• FTP
• HTTP
• POP
• SMTP
10. Refer to the graphic. Which protocol is used to access this website?
• IM
• FTP
• HTTP
• SNMP
• VoIP
11. Which port number is used by SMTP?
• 20
• 21
• 25
• 26
• 110
12. Which protocol is used by e-mail servers to communicate with each other?
• FTP
• HTTP
• TFTP
• SMTP
• POP
• SNMP
13. What client software enables logged in users to communicate with other logged in users in real time?
• blog
• e-mail
• web mail
• instant messaging
14. An Internet server is running both FTP and HTTP services. How does the server know which of these applications should handle an incoming segment?
• The packet header identifies it as an HTTP or FTP packet.
• The data in the segment is specially formatted for either HTTP or FTP.
• The segment destination port number identifies the application that should handle it.
• The source port number is associated with one of these well known server applications.
15. What term is used to describe how TCP/IP protocols are layered and interact to format, address, and transmit information across a network?
• protocol hierarchy
• protocol modeling
• protocol stack
• protocol layering
16. What three items are contained in an Ethernet frame? (Choose three.)
• source IP address
• source MAC address
• destination IP address
• destination MAC address
• error-checking information
17. What information is contained in an IP header?
• source and destination IP addresses
• source and destination MAC addresses
• only destination IP and MAC addresses
• both source and destination IP and MAC addresses
18. Cabling issues are associated with which OSI layer?
• 4
• 2
• 1
• 3
19. A device receives an Ethernet frame and recognizes the MAC address as its own. What does the device do to the message to get to the encapsulated data?
• removes the IP header
• removes the TCP header
• passes data to the application layer
• removes the Ethernet header and trailer
20. A client has decoded a frame and started the de-encapsulation process. In which order does the de-encapsulation process occur?
• 1) remove IP header
2) remove Ethernet header and trailer
3) remove TCP header
4) pass data to the application
• 1) add TCP header to data
2) add an IP header
3) add frame header and trailer
4) encode the frame into bits
• 1) remove Ethernet header and trailer
2) remove IP header
3) remove TCP header
4) pass data to the application
• 1) add TCP header to data
2) add Ethernet header and trailer
3) add an IP header
4) encode the frame into bits
21. What is an advantage of the use of layers in the OSI reference model?
• It breaks network communications into larger parts.
• It increases complexity.
• It prevents changes in one layer from affecting other layers.
• It requires the use of single-vendor equipment for hardware and software communications.
22. What is the correct order of the layers of the OSI reference model, starting at the lowest layer and working up the model?
• data link, physical, transport, network, presentation, session, application
• physical, data link, network, session, transport, presentation, application
• physical, data link, network, transport, presentation, session, application
• physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application
• application, session, presentation, transport, data link, network,
physical
1. A user types www.cisco.com into a web browser address textbox. What does www.cisco.com represent?
• the IP address of a web server
• a physical network address
• the closest router interface to the source
• the source IP address in the data transmission
2. What type of server would use IMAP?
• DNS
• DHCP
• FTP
• Telnet
• web
3. Which type of server would most likely be used first by a network client in a corporate environment?
• DNS
• DHCP
• FTP
• Telnet
• web
4. Which protocol is used by FTP to transfer files over the Internet?
• TCP
• SMTP
• UDP
• SNMP
5. Which protocols are TCP/IP application layer protocols? (Choose two.)
• UDP
• FTP
• IP
• SMTP
• TCP
6. Which of the following are layers of the TCP/IP model? (Choose three.)
• Application
• Physical
• Internet
• Network Access
• Presentation
7. You are creating a network-based video game. What influences your decision about which transport protocol to use for the application?
• UDP will not disrupt the game to retransmit dropped packets.
• TCP provides extra acknowledgements that will ensure smooth video delivery.
• Both TCP and UDP can be used simultaneously to ensure speed and guaranteed delivery.
• Both TCP and UDP may slow transmission and disrupt game operation, so no transport protocol should be used.
8. Whenever e-mail clients send letters, what device is used to translate the domain names into their associated IP addresses?
• Uniform Resource Locator
• Network redirector server
• SNMP server
• DNS server
9. Which application is most likely used to translate www.cisco.com to 198.133.219.25?
• DHCP
• DNS
• FTP
• HTTP
• POP
• SMTP
10. Refer to the graphic. Which protocol is used to access this website?
• IM
• FTP
• HTTP
• SNMP
• VoIP
11. Which port number is used by SMTP?
• 20
• 21
• 25
• 26
• 110
12. Which protocol is used by e-mail servers to communicate with each other?
• FTP
• HTTP
• TFTP
• SMTP
• POP
• SNMP
13. What client software enables logged in users to communicate with other logged in users in real time?
• blog
• web mail
• instant messaging
14. An Internet server is running both FTP and HTTP services. How does the server know which of these applications should handle an incoming segment?
• The packet header identifies it as an HTTP or FTP packet.
• The data in the segment is specially formatted for either HTTP or FTP.
• The segment destination port number identifies the application that should handle it.
• The source port number is associated with one of these well known server applications.
15. What term is used to describe how TCP/IP protocols are layered and interact to format, address, and transmit information across a network?
• protocol hierarchy
• protocol modeling
• protocol stack
• protocol layering
16. What three items are contained in an Ethernet frame? (Choose three.)
• source IP address
• source MAC address
• destination IP address
• destination MAC address
• error-checking information
17. What information is contained in an IP header?
• source and destination IP addresses
• source and destination MAC addresses
• only destination IP and MAC addresses
• both source and destination IP and MAC addresses
18. Cabling issues are associated with which OSI layer?
• 4
• 2
• 1
• 3
19. A device receives an Ethernet frame and recognizes the MAC address as its own. What does the device do to the message to get to the encapsulated data?
• removes the IP header
• removes the TCP header
• passes data to the application layer
• removes the Ethernet header and trailer
20. A client has decoded a frame and started the de-encapsulation process. In which order does the de-encapsulation process occur?
• 1) remove IP header
2) remove Ethernet header and trailer
3) remove TCP header
4) pass data to the application
• 1) add TCP header to data
2) add an IP header
3) add frame header and trailer
4) encode the frame into bits
• 1) remove Ethernet header and trailer
2) remove IP header
3) remove TCP header
4) pass data to the application
• 1) add TCP header to data
2) add Ethernet header and trailer
3) add an IP header
4) encode the frame into bits
21. What is an advantage of the use of layers in the OSI reference model?
• It breaks network communications into larger parts.
• It increases complexity.
• It prevents changes in one layer from affecting other layers.
• It requires the use of single-vendor equipment for hardware and software communications.
22. What is the correct order of the layers of the OSI reference model, starting at the lowest layer and working up the model?
• data link, physical, transport, network, presentation, session, application
• physical, data link, network, session, transport, presentation, application
• physical, data link, network, transport, presentation, session, application
• physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application
• application, session, presentation, transport, data link, network,
physical
Tugas CCNA
Lab 5.1.4
Using the Windows Calculator with Network Addresses
Step 1: Access Windows Calculator and determine mode of operation
a. From the Start button menu, select All Programs > Accessories, and click on Calculator. An alternate method of starting the Calculator application is to access the Start menu, click on Run, type calc and press Enter. Try both methods.
b. Once the Calculator application opens, select the View menu option.
c. Which mode [Standard | Scientific] is currently active?
d. Select the Standard mode. This is a basic mode for simple calculations. How many mathematical functions are available in this mode?
Answer :
Ada 6 (Enam) buah fungsi Matematika yang tersedia.
e. From the View menu option, select the Scientific Calculator mode.
f. How many mathematical functions are available in this mode?
Answer :
Ada 18 (Delapan Belas) fungsi Matematika yang tersedia.
Step 2: Convert between number systems
a. Access Scientific mode. Notice the number system modes available—Hex (Hexadecimal), Dec (Decimal), Oct (Octal), and Bin (Binary).
b. Which number system is currently active?
Answer :
System Nomor 0 - 9
c. Which numbers on the number pad are active in Decimal mode?
Jawaban :
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 dan 9
Click on the Bin (Binary) mode radio button. Which numbers on the number pad are now active?
Jawaban :
0 dan 1
d. Why do you think the other numbers are grayed out?
Karena nomor-nomor tersebut tidak dibutuhkan dalam mode-mode yang diaktifkan.
e. Click on the Hex (Hexadecimal) mode radio button.
f. Which characters on the number pad are now activated?
Answer :
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A, B, C, D, E, dan F
g. Click on the Dec radio button. Using your mouse, click on the number 1 followed by the number 5 on the number pad. The decimal number 15 has now been entered. Click on the Bin radio button.
h. What happened to the number 15 listed in the textbox at the top of the window?
Jawaban :
Angka 15 pada button Dec berubah menjadi 1111 pada button Bin
i. By selecting different modes, numbers are converted from one number system to another. Select Dec mode again. The number in the window converts back to decimal. Select the Hex mode.
j. Which hexadecimal character (0 through 9 or A through F) represents decimal 15?
Jawaban :
Yaitu Karakter F
k. Clear the number 15 in the window. Select Dec mode again. Not only can the mouse be used to enter numbers, but the numerical keypad on the keyboard as well as numbers on the keyboard can also be used. Using the numerical keypad to the right of the ENTER key, type the number 22. Note that if the number does not enter into the calculator, press the Num Lock key to enable the numeric keypad. While the number 22 is showing in the calculator, use the number keys across the top of the keyboard to add a 0 to the number 22 (220 should now be on the calculator). Select the Bin radio button.
l. What is the binary equivalent of 220?
Jawaban :
11011100
Jawaban : ekuivalen dengan angka 204 pada button Decimal.
Jawaban : Ekuivalen dengan angka 220
o. Convert the following decimal numbers to binary.
Decimal Binary
86 1010110
175 10101111
204 11001100
19 10011
p. Convert the following binary numbers to decimal.
Binary Decimal
11000011 195
101010 42
111000 56
10010011 147
Step 3: Convert host IP addresses
a. Computer hosts usually have two addresses, an Internet Protocol (IP) address and an Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) address. For the benefit of humans, the IP address is normally represented as a dotted decimal notation, such as 135.15.227.68. Each of the decimal octets in the address or a mask can be converted to 8 binary bits. Remember that the computer only understands binary bits. If all 4 octets were converted to binary, how many bits would there be?
Jawaban :
135.15.227.68
10000111.1111.11100011.1000100
b. IP addresses are normally shown with four decimal numbers ranging from 0 to 255 and separated by a period. Convert the 4 parts of the IP address 192.168.10.2 to binary.
Decimal Binary
192 11000000
168 10101000
10 1010
2 10
c. Notice in the previous problem how the 10 converted to only four digits and the number 2 convertedv to only two digits. When IP addresses can have any number from 0 to 255 in each position, eight digits are normally used to represent each number. In the previous example, eight digits were needed to convert 192 and 168 to binary, but 10 and 2 did not need as many digits. Normally 0s are added to the left of the digits to have eight digits in binary for each IP address number. The number 10 would be shown as 00001010. Four extra zeros are added to the front of the other four binary digits.
d. On the calculator in Binary mode, enter the digits 00001010 and select the Dec radio button.
e. Which decimal number is equivalent to 00001010?
f. Did adding “leading” zeros affect the number any?
g. What would the number 2 (in the previous example) be if you were to make it eight digits?
Step 4: Convert host IP subnet masks
a. Subnet masks, such as 255.255.255.0, are also represented as dotted decimal. A subnet mask will always consist of four 8-bit octets, each one represented as a decimal number. With the exception of decimal 0 (all 8 binary zeros) and decimal 255 (all 8 binary ones), each octet will have some number of ones on the left and some number of zeros on the right. Convert the 8 possible decimal subnet octet values to binary.
Decimal Binary
0 0
128 10000000
192 11000000
224 11100000
240 11110000
248 11111000
252 11111100
254 11111110
255 11111111
b. Convert the four parts of the subnet mask 255.255.255.0 to binary.
Decimal Binary
255 11111111
255 11111111
255 11111111
0 0
Step 5: Convert broadcast addresses
Address Binary
IP broadcast
255.255.255.255 11111111.1111111.1111111.1111111
MAC broadcast
FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF 1111111:11111111:1111111:1111111:1111111;11111111:1111111:
Step 6: Convert IP and MAC addresses for a host
a. Click the Start button, select Run, type cmd, and press Enter. From the command prompt, type ipconfig /all.
b. Make a note of the IP address and physical address (also known as a MAC address).
IP Address:
MAC Address:
c. Using the calculator, convert the four numbers contained in the IP address to binary.
Decimal Binary
d. The MAC or physical address is normally represented as 12 hexadecimal characters, grouped in pairs and separated by dashes (-). Physical addresses on a Windows-based computer are shown in a format of xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx, where each x is a number from 0 to 9 or a letter from a to f. Each of the hex characters in the address can be converted to 4 binary bits which is what the computer understands. If all 12 hex characters were converted to binary, how many bits would there be?
e. Convert each of the hexadecimal pairs to binary. For example, if the number CC-12-DE-4A-BD-88-34 was the physical address, convert the hexadecimal number CC to binary (11001100). Then convert the hexadecimal number 12 to binary (00010010) and so on. Be sure to add the leading zeros for a total of 8 binary digits per pair of hex digits.
Hexadecimal Binary
12 10010
DE 11011110
4A 1001010
BD 10111101
88 10001000
34 110100
Step 7: Manipulate powers of 2 to determine the number of hosts on a network
a. Binary numbers use two digits, 0 and 1. When you calculate how many hosts can be on a subnetwork, you use powers of two because binary is being used. As an example, we have a subnet mask that leaves six bits in the host portion of the IP address. In this case, the number of hosts on that network is 2 to the 6th power minus 2 (because you need a number to represent the network and a number that can be used to reach all the hosts—the broadcast address). The number 2 is always used because we are working in binary. The number 6 is the number of bits that are used for the host bits.
b. On the calculator, in Dec mode, input the number 2. Select the x^y key, the key which raises a number to a power. Input the number 6. Click on the = key, press Enter on the keyboard, or press the = key on the keyboard—all give the total. The number 64 appears in the output. To subtract two, click on the minus (-) key and then the 2 key followed by the = key. The number 62 appears in the output. This means 62 hosts could be utilized.
c. Using the previously described process, determine the number of hosts if the following number of bits are used for host bits.
No. of Bits Used for
Hosts No. of Hosts
5 30
14 16382
24 16777214
10 1022
d. Using a similar technique as learned previously, determine what 10 to the 4th power equals.
Step 8: (Optional) Determine the network number and number of hosts based on subnet mask
a. Given the IP network address of 172.16.203.56 and a subnet mask of 255.255.248.0, determine the network portion of the address and calculate how many hosts can be created from host bits left.
b. Start by converting the 4 octets of the decimal IP address to binary and then convert the decimal subnet mask to binary. Remember to include leading zeros when converting to binary in order to make a total of 8 bits per octet.
Decimal IP address
and subnet mask Binary IP address and subnet mask
c. Align the 32 bits of the subnet mask to the 32 bits of the IP address and compare them. The bits in
the IP address that align with the ones bits in the subnet mask represent the network number. What is
the binary and decimal network number for this IP address? Determine the binary address first
(include all 32 bits) and then convert it to decimal.
Binary network address:
Decimal network address
d. How many ones bits are in the subnet mask?
e. How many bits are left for host bits?
f. How many hosts can be created with the bits left?
Step 9: Reflection
a. List one other thing for which you might use the Windows Calculator scientific mode. It does not have
to be related to networking.
Using the Windows Calculator with Network Addresses
Step 1: Access Windows Calculator and determine mode of operation
a. From the Start button menu, select All Programs > Accessories, and click on Calculator. An alternate method of starting the Calculator application is to access the Start menu, click on Run, type calc and press Enter. Try both methods.
b. Once the Calculator application opens, select the View menu option.
c. Which mode [Standard | Scientific] is currently active?
d. Select the Standard mode. This is a basic mode for simple calculations. How many mathematical functions are available in this mode?
Answer :
Ada 6 (Enam) buah fungsi Matematika yang tersedia.
e. From the View menu option, select the Scientific Calculator mode.
f. How many mathematical functions are available in this mode?
Answer :
Ada 18 (Delapan Belas) fungsi Matematika yang tersedia.
Step 2: Convert between number systems
a. Access Scientific mode. Notice the number system modes available—Hex (Hexadecimal), Dec (Decimal), Oct (Octal), and Bin (Binary).
b. Which number system is currently active?
Answer :
System Nomor 0 - 9
c. Which numbers on the number pad are active in Decimal mode?
Jawaban :
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 dan 9
Click on the Bin (Binary) mode radio button. Which numbers on the number pad are now active?
Jawaban :
0 dan 1
d. Why do you think the other numbers are grayed out?
Karena nomor-nomor tersebut tidak dibutuhkan dalam mode-mode yang diaktifkan.
e. Click on the Hex (Hexadecimal) mode radio button.
f. Which characters on the number pad are now activated?
Answer :
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A, B, C, D, E, dan F
g. Click on the Dec radio button. Using your mouse, click on the number 1 followed by the number 5 on the number pad. The decimal number 15 has now been entered. Click on the Bin radio button.
h. What happened to the number 15 listed in the textbox at the top of the window?
Jawaban :
Angka 15 pada button Dec berubah menjadi 1111 pada button Bin
i. By selecting different modes, numbers are converted from one number system to another. Select Dec mode again. The number in the window converts back to decimal. Select the Hex mode.
j. Which hexadecimal character (0 through 9 or A through F) represents decimal 15?
Jawaban :
Yaitu Karakter F
k. Clear the number 15 in the window. Select Dec mode again. Not only can the mouse be used to enter numbers, but the numerical keypad on the keyboard as well as numbers on the keyboard can also be used. Using the numerical keypad to the right of the ENTER key, type the number 22. Note that if the number does not enter into the calculator, press the Num Lock key to enable the numeric keypad. While the number 22 is showing in the calculator, use the number keys across the top of the keyboard to add a 0 to the number 22 (220 should now be on the calculator). Select the Bin radio button.
l. What is the binary equivalent of 220?
Jawaban :
11011100
Jawaban : ekuivalen dengan angka 204 pada button Decimal.
Jawaban : Ekuivalen dengan angka 220
o. Convert the following decimal numbers to binary.
Decimal Binary
86 1010110
175 10101111
204 11001100
19 10011
p. Convert the following binary numbers to decimal.
Binary Decimal
11000011 195
101010 42
111000 56
10010011 147
Step 3: Convert host IP addresses
a. Computer hosts usually have two addresses, an Internet Protocol (IP) address and an Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) address. For the benefit of humans, the IP address is normally represented as a dotted decimal notation, such as 135.15.227.68. Each of the decimal octets in the address or a mask can be converted to 8 binary bits. Remember that the computer only understands binary bits. If all 4 octets were converted to binary, how many bits would there be?
Jawaban :
135.15.227.68
10000111.1111.11100011.1000100
b. IP addresses are normally shown with four decimal numbers ranging from 0 to 255 and separated by a period. Convert the 4 parts of the IP address 192.168.10.2 to binary.
Decimal Binary
192 11000000
168 10101000
10 1010
2 10
c. Notice in the previous problem how the 10 converted to only four digits and the number 2 convertedv to only two digits. When IP addresses can have any number from 0 to 255 in each position, eight digits are normally used to represent each number. In the previous example, eight digits were needed to convert 192 and 168 to binary, but 10 and 2 did not need as many digits. Normally 0s are added to the left of the digits to have eight digits in binary for each IP address number. The number 10 would be shown as 00001010. Four extra zeros are added to the front of the other four binary digits.
d. On the calculator in Binary mode, enter the digits 00001010 and select the Dec radio button.
e. Which decimal number is equivalent to 00001010?
f. Did adding “leading” zeros affect the number any?
g. What would the number 2 (in the previous example) be if you were to make it eight digits?
Step 4: Convert host IP subnet masks
a. Subnet masks, such as 255.255.255.0, are also represented as dotted decimal. A subnet mask will always consist of four 8-bit octets, each one represented as a decimal number. With the exception of decimal 0 (all 8 binary zeros) and decimal 255 (all 8 binary ones), each octet will have some number of ones on the left and some number of zeros on the right. Convert the 8 possible decimal subnet octet values to binary.
Decimal Binary
0 0
128 10000000
192 11000000
224 11100000
240 11110000
248 11111000
252 11111100
254 11111110
255 11111111
b. Convert the four parts of the subnet mask 255.255.255.0 to binary.
Decimal Binary
255 11111111
255 11111111
255 11111111
0 0
Step 5: Convert broadcast addresses
Address Binary
IP broadcast
255.255.255.255 11111111.1111111.1111111.1111111
MAC broadcast
FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF 1111111:11111111:1111111:1111111:1111111;11111111:1111111:
Step 6: Convert IP and MAC addresses for a host
a. Click the Start button, select Run, type cmd, and press Enter. From the command prompt, type ipconfig /all.
b. Make a note of the IP address and physical address (also known as a MAC address).
IP Address:
MAC Address:
c. Using the calculator, convert the four numbers contained in the IP address to binary.
Decimal Binary
d. The MAC or physical address is normally represented as 12 hexadecimal characters, grouped in pairs and separated by dashes (-). Physical addresses on a Windows-based computer are shown in a format of xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx, where each x is a number from 0 to 9 or a letter from a to f. Each of the hex characters in the address can be converted to 4 binary bits which is what the computer understands. If all 12 hex characters were converted to binary, how many bits would there be?
e. Convert each of the hexadecimal pairs to binary. For example, if the number CC-12-DE-4A-BD-88-34 was the physical address, convert the hexadecimal number CC to binary (11001100). Then convert the hexadecimal number 12 to binary (00010010) and so on. Be sure to add the leading zeros for a total of 8 binary digits per pair of hex digits.
Hexadecimal Binary
12 10010
DE 11011110
4A 1001010
BD 10111101
88 10001000
34 110100
Step 7: Manipulate powers of 2 to determine the number of hosts on a network
a. Binary numbers use two digits, 0 and 1. When you calculate how many hosts can be on a subnetwork, you use powers of two because binary is being used. As an example, we have a subnet mask that leaves six bits in the host portion of the IP address. In this case, the number of hosts on that network is 2 to the 6th power minus 2 (because you need a number to represent the network and a number that can be used to reach all the hosts—the broadcast address). The number 2 is always used because we are working in binary. The number 6 is the number of bits that are used for the host bits.
b. On the calculator, in Dec mode, input the number 2. Select the x^y key, the key which raises a number to a power. Input the number 6. Click on the = key, press Enter on the keyboard, or press the = key on the keyboard—all give the total. The number 64 appears in the output. To subtract two, click on the minus (-) key and then the 2 key followed by the = key. The number 62 appears in the output. This means 62 hosts could be utilized.
c. Using the previously described process, determine the number of hosts if the following number of bits are used for host bits.
No. of Bits Used for
Hosts No. of Hosts
5 30
14 16382
24 16777214
10 1022
d. Using a similar technique as learned previously, determine what 10 to the 4th power equals.
Step 8: (Optional) Determine the network number and number of hosts based on subnet mask
a. Given the IP network address of 172.16.203.56 and a subnet mask of 255.255.248.0, determine the network portion of the address and calculate how many hosts can be created from host bits left.
b. Start by converting the 4 octets of the decimal IP address to binary and then convert the decimal subnet mask to binary. Remember to include leading zeros when converting to binary in order to make a total of 8 bits per octet.
Decimal IP address
and subnet mask Binary IP address and subnet mask
c. Align the 32 bits of the subnet mask to the 32 bits of the IP address and compare them. The bits in
the IP address that align with the ones bits in the subnet mask represent the network number. What is
the binary and decimal network number for this IP address? Determine the binary address first
(include all 32 bits) and then convert it to decimal.
Binary network address:
Decimal network address
d. How many ones bits are in the subnet mask?
e. How many bits are left for host bits?
f. How many hosts can be created with the bits left?
Step 9: Reflection
a. List one other thing for which you might use the Windows Calculator scientific mode. It does not have
to be related to networking.
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